For safety reasons, the electrical equipment is not directly connected to high voltage meters or control equipment. When connecting electrical instruments to measuring equipment, transformers such as voltage transformers and current transformers are used to lower the voltage and current from high to low values that can be measured by standard instruments.
Voltage transformers are tools used to step down and lower a system’s voltage to a level that is regarded as safe. It works by enabling energy meters to keep an eye on how electrical connections are functioning, which may require a higher voltage than usual to do so.
If you’re going somewhere with a higher power standard than what your appliances use, you’ll need a step-down voltage converter. On the other hand, bringing 220-110 volt equipment to the U.S. or Canada necessitates the use of a step-up voltage converter that can raise 110-120 volts to 220-240 volts.
On a larger scale, one of the most important components in the creation of electricity is the transformers. It provides a vital connection between two circuits which transformers have simplified this approach.
Types of voltage transformers based on function
1.Metering type voltage transformers
Measuring instruments like voltmeters, ammeters, and kilowatt-hour meters are used with metering current transformers (CTs) to: Isolate the instruments from the power circuits; Standardize the instruments, often at 5 amps or 1 amp
2.Protection-type voltage transformers
For isolation and protection from high voltages during tests, protection-type potential transformers are commonly utilized. These transformers have electrically segregated windings, and the low voltage and high voltage sides are not joined directly.
The types of voltage transformers can further be classified into three based on their operating voltage, and they are as follows:
1.High-voltage voltage transformers
High voltage transformers convert voltages, typically from higher to lower, from one level or phase arrangement to another. They may have features for applications, including electrical isolation, power distribution, and control and instrumentation.
2. Medium-voltage voltage transformers
Transformers with a voltage range of 2 kV to 35 kV are referred to as medium voltage transformers. The distribution transformers frequently operate in this voltage range, which normally qualifies them as medium voltage types.
3. Low-voltage voltage transformers
Every system of outdoor lighting is constructed around a low voltage transformer. It converts the 120-volt current into a low voltage current – between 12-15 VAC. The efficiency of its conversion determines how well the transformer regulates the voltage output and how much energy is expended in the process.
In addition, the types of voltage transformers may also be classified according to their construction.
Based on how they are built, potential transformers can be classified as either capacitor voltage type or wound type.
1.Wound-type potential transformer
Potential transformers of the shell and core types are categorized as wound-type. On the core limbs, the primary and secondary windings are wound with the appropriate insulation. The structure becomes complicated for measuring high voltages (usually greater than 10 kV) due to insulation factors. Considering that, the next item is commonly used to measure higher voltages.
2.Capacitive potential transformer
A capacitive divider and an auxiliary transformer are used in a capacitive potential transformer. The need for a high-rated potential transformer is removed by the capacitor divider.
Transformers are used for a wide range of functions, including raising the voltage from electric generators to enable long-distance transmission of electricity and lowering the voltage of conventional power circuits to run low-voltage devices like doorbells and toy electric trains.
A transformer is a power transmission tool that moves electrical energy between electrical circuits or between several circuits at once. In order to put it another way, it is a voltage-controlling device that is frequently employed in the transmission and distribution of AC electricity.
The voltage and current transformers differ in a number of different ways.
One of the biggest differences between them is that the voltage or potential transformer transforms high voltage into low voltage while the current transformer transforms high current into the low current.
Basis for Comparison | Current Transformer | Voltage or Potential Transformer |
Definition | Transforms the current from high value to low value. | Transforms the voltage from high value to low value. |
Core | Commonly built up with lamination of silicon steel. | It is made of high-quality steel that operates at lower flux densities. |
Primary Winding | Carries the current to be measured | Carries the voltage to be measured |
Secondary Winding | Connected to the instrument’s current winding | Connected to the meter or instrument |
Connection | Connected in series with the instrument | Connected in parallel with the instrument. |
Primary Circuit | Has fewer or smaller number of coils | Has more or larger number of coils |
Secondary Circuit | Has a large number of coils and cannot be open circuit. | Has a small number of coils and can be an open circuit. |
Range | From 5A to 1A | 110v |
Transformation Ratio | High Transformation Ratio | Low Transformation Ratio |
Burden | Does not depend on the secondary burden | Depends on the secondary burden |
Input | Has constant current | Has constant voltage |
Full line current | The primary winding consists of the full line current. | The primary winding consists of the full line voltage. |
Types | Two types
| Two types
|
Impedance | Low Impedance | High Impedance |
Applications | For measuring current and power, monitoring the power grid operation, for operating a protective relay | For Measurement, power source, operating protective relay. |
Due to the magnetic circuit being present in both the main and secondary winding of the current and potential transformers, their design is comparable. But their approaches to working differ.
Here are some key points of their differences:
Remember that the ratio of the rated primary voltages to the rated secondary voltages is known as the transformation ratio of the current and voltages transformer.
Transformers help electricity systems be more reliable and efficient by adjusting voltages levels as needed in an electrical connection. They are utilized in numerous household, and commercial settings, but possibly their most crucial function is in the long-distance distribution and control of power.
It would be in your best interest to get in touch with the experts in planning your electrical projects involving components like transformers and other devices you might need. You may also visit www.se.com/th/en to get the most reliable electrical components from Schneider Electric, a trusted corporation that provides energy solutions with efficiency and sustainability.
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